VIDHINAMA CITATION

Following are the editing, formatting, and citation method which may be followed for submissions. The guidelines and Citation method is inspired by MNLU Mode of Citation.

General Guidelines

1. Each Chapter must necessarily contain Title, Introduction, Headings, Sub-headings, Conclusion. All Headings and Sub-headings must be left aligned.
2. The font size of all the Headings and Sub-headings must be twelve (12), in Times New Roman, Bold, Title case (explained in detail below) and in one and half (1.5) spacing.
3. Do not put full stop in Headings and Sub-headings.
4. Text in the Chapter must be Justified, Times New Roman, twelve (12) Font size, one and half space. There must be no space between two paragraphs and also before and/or after each heading or sub-heading.
5. In case of acknowledgement of the sources, footnotes are allowed not endnotes. Font size must be ten (10) in Times New Roman, Justified with single space and each footnote must be closed with the full stop.
6. Use of the word, phrase, and text from the material written in languages other than English must be italicised.
7. The footnote number in the body of the chapter must be inserted after punctuation.
8. There shall be no comma in between the name of the Act and the year of the Act. Example, The Hindu Marriage Act 1955; The Companies Act 2013; The Indian Penal Code 1860.
9. In case of referring case law in main body of research and footnotes, name of both the parties along with v. in between the two parties must be Unbold, Italicised and Title Case. e.g., Rameshwari Devi v. State of Bihar.
10. There shall be no comma in between the name of the parties in a case and the citation of the case. Example, Anandi D. Jadhav v. Nirmala Ramachandra Kore AIR 2000 SC 1386.
11. No header and footer must be used.
12. Remove hyperlinks of URLs in all citations.
13. The format of date must be Month Date, Year. e.g., January 01, 2019.
14. Authors submitting articles for journals must include abstract with the article. Abstract [below two space from Title] not exceeding 250 words. Text must be in single space, Italicised, twelve (12) font size, Times New Roman, Justified, indented from both sides up to four (4) points indicated on ruler.

Heading Styles

1. LEVEL-1 TITLE OF THE PAPER: Upper Case, Bold, Times New Roman, 12 Font size and Center aligned;
2. LEVEL-2 Heading: Title Case (Capitalise Each Word), Bold, Times New Roman, 12 Font size and left aligned; and  
3. LEVEL-3 Sub-Heading: Title Case (Capitalise Each Word), Bold, Times New Roman, 12 Font size, Left aligned and Italic.

Note: Headings and Sub-headings are not to be underlined; no punctuations or footnotes are to be inserted in headings and subheadings. The entire text should be typed in Times New Roman font, with Font size 12 and justified.

Rules of Capitalization in Title Case

Follow the below-mentioned rules for capitalization in Titles:

1. Always capitalize the first and last word of a title, no matter what the word is.
2. Always capitalize the following five word categories.
   • Nouns
   • Pronouns
   • Verbs
   • Adjectives
   • Adverbs
3. Never capitalize prepositions and conjunctions.
4. Never capitalize the particle “to”, even when used as an infinitive (meaning with a verb). For example: to See, to Read, to Write, etc.
5. Never capitalize articles: a, an, the.

VidhiNama Mode of Citation

1. Indian Case Laws
   1. Amardeep Singh v. Harveen Kaur AIR 2017 SC 4417.
   2. Amardeep Singh v. Harveen Kaur 2017 (8) SCC 746.
2. Citation of a Book authored:
   1. By a single writer:
      • Ashutosh Mookerjee, MARRIAGE, SEPARATION AND DIVORCE, 3rd ed. 2002, pp. 376-765.
   2. By two writers:
      • Paras Diwan and Peeyushi Diwan, FAMILY LAW, 4th ed. 1998, p. 87.
   3. By Multiple writers (three or more than three):
      • Christina L. Kunz, et al., LEGAL RESEARCH, 4th ed. 1996, p. 154.
3. Citation of Edited Book:
   1. By a single editor:
      • R.K. Raizada (ed.), WOMEN AND THE LAW, 1st ed. 1996, p. 45.
   2. By two editors:
      • Archana Parashar and Amita Dhanda (eds.), REDEFINING FAMILY LAW IN INDIA, 1st ed. 2008, p. 293.
   3. By Multiple editors (three or more than three):
      • Ranbir Singh, et al. (eds.), CYBER SPACE AND THE LAW- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES, 1st ed. 2004, p. 356.
4. Citation of a Revised book:
   1. By single revised author:
      • Satyajeet Desai (rev.), D.F. Mulla, PRINCIPLES OF HINDU LAW, Vol. I 18th ed. 2001, pp. 123-126.
   2. By two revised authors:
      • Rangnath Mishra and Vijender Kumar (rev.), John D. Mayne, TREATISE ON HINDU LAW AND USAGE, 17th ed. 2014, p. 915.
   3. By Multiple revised authors (three or more than three):
      • T.V. Subba Rao, et al. (rev.), G.C.V. Subba Rao, FAMILY LAW IN INDIA, 10th ed. 2011, pp. 123-124.
5. Citation of Survey of Law (e.g. Annual Survey of Indian Law):
   • Poonam Pradhan Saxena, “Family Law and Succession”, ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDIAN LAW, Vol. 37 2001, p. 311.
6. Citation of an Article Published in the Journal:
   1. Citation of an Article Published in a Journal:
      • Vijender Kumar, “Basis and Nature of Pious Obligation of Son to Pay Father’s Debt vis-à-vis Statutory Modifications in Hindu Law”, 36 JILI (1994), p. 339.
      • Shailesh Tiwari and Saumya Goel, “Current Trends in CSR Across the Globe with Special Reference to India”, MADRAS LAW JOURNAL, Vol. 270 No. 2 2012, p. 7.
   2. Citation of an Article that is Published in two Volumes/Parts of a Journal:
      • Daljit Singh, “Desirability of Instant Divorce by the Judiciary: A Critique”, 45 (pts. 3-4) JILI (2003), p. 439, 46 (pts. 1-2) JILI (2004), p. 127.
   3. Note: In case, the Mode of Citation [e.g. 36 JILI (1994)] is prescribed by respective journal, researchers are requested to follow the same.
7. Citation of an Article Published in Edited Book:
   1. Elizabeth S. Scott, “Marital Commitment and the Legal Regulation of Divorce”, Antony W Dnes (ed.), THE LAW AND ECONOMICS OF MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE, 1st ed. 2002, p. 35.
8. Citation of a Paper/Article Published in a Law/Case Reporter:
   1. B.B. Pande, “Right to Life or Death?: For Bharat both cannot be Right”, (1994) 4 SCC, p. 19.
9. Citation of a Paper/Write-up Published in a Newspaper:
   1. Chirdeep Bagga, “Law May Put Daughters, Sons on a Par”, THE TIMES OF INDIA, Hyderabad, Friday, December 17, 2004, p. 10, URL, (visited on March 3, 2022).
10. Citation of an Online Article:
    1. Vaishnavi Navghare, “Environmental Clearances In India and Analysis of Role of MOEFCC”, VIDHINAMA, https://vidhinama.com/environmental-clearances-in-india-and-analysis-of-role-of-moefcc/, (visited on June 26, 2022).
11. Citation of a Blog:
    1. M Suchitra, “The Kani Learning”, DOWNTOEARTH, October 15, 2012, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/the-kani-learning-39208, (visited on December 28, 2021).
12. Citation of Indian Statute:
    1. The Indian Penal Code 1860.
    2. Section 12 of The Biological Diversity Act 2002.
13. Citation of International Conventions:
    1. The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992.
14. Citation of Rules/Guidelines:
    1. Rule 22(6) of the Guidelines on Access to Biological Resources and Associated Knowledge and Benefits Sharing Regulations 2014.
15. Citation of Notifications:
    1. Notification dated April 7, 2016 – S.O. 1352(E) of the Biological Diversity Act 2002, http://ismenvis.nic.in/Database/Notification_07th_April_2016SO1352 E_12862.asp, (visited on November 26, 2021).
16. Citation of Foreign Case Laws:
    1. All England Reports (All ER)
       • Wilcox v. Jeffery All ER 1951 1 464.
       • (Case Name, Reporter Name, Year Volume, Number, Page Number).
    2. United States Supreme Court
       • Roe v. Wade 1973 410 U.S. 113.
       • (Case Name, Year, Volume of United States Reports, Reporter Abbreviation, Page Number).
    3. United States Court of Appeals
       • Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Corley 2001 273 F.3d 429.
       • (Case Name, Year, Volume Number, Name of the Court (in Abbreviation), Page Number).
    4. United States District Courts
       • City of Millville v. Rock 2010 683 D.N.J. 319.
       • (Case Name, Year, Volume of the Federal Supplement Name of the Court (in Abbreviation), Page Number).

Some Generally Accepted Abbreviations are listed below:

1. For paragraph, use pilcrow ¶, for multiple paragraphs, add ¶¶.
2. Art. for article.
3. Dn. for division.
4. Cl. for clause.
5. No. for number.
6. Reg. for regulation.
7. Sc. for scene.
8. Sec. for section.
9. Vol. for volume.
10. Add ‘s’ to the short form for the plural words.
11. Chap. (s) for ‘Chapter (s)’ (e.g., in chap. 2, chaps. 4-6).
12. Col. (s) for ‘Column (s)’, (e.g., see cols. 1-4).
13. ed. (s) for ‘Editor (s) or edited’ (e.g., P.V. Kane, ed.); ‘edition’ (e.g., 2nd ed.).
14. e. g. for ‘Exempli gratia’, for example.
15. et al. for ‘et alia’, and others (used to refer to co-author, when there are three or more).
16. Ibid for ‘ibidem’; in the same place or work -used when two or more successive footnotes refer to the same work; if reference is to different page (s), page No. (s) are indicated.
17. Supra for ‘above’; used to refer to text already cited.
18. op. cit for ‘opere citato’; in the work cited- used when reference is made to the same work as a preceding but not immediately preceding reference.
19. sic for ‘thus’; used to call attention to the fact that an error in spelling, grammar or fact is in the original; enclosed by square brackets [ ] and placed immediately after the work or phrase in question.
20. v. for ‘versus’; against.
21. vid or vide: ‘see’.
22. p., pp. for page, e.g. p. 40— pages, pp. 71-72.
23. Cd (s) for Column (s) e.g. see cols. 1-3.